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Recovery of Salmon & Steelhead in California and Southern Oregon |
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Adult Spawning Steelhead Carpenteria Creek, CA
Juvenile Steelhead Arroyo Hondo Creek, CA |
Steelhead in California
Northern California Steelhead both have an anadromous life-history form, known as “steelhead” and a resident form known as “coastal rainbow trout”. Steelhead are the most widely distributed species in the Recovery Domain and face a wider array of threats than salmon. These threats include loss of habitat critical to juvenile and smolt survival (e.g., loss of side channel and stream complexity), as well as threats from water impoundments, diversions, and water pollution from numerous sources. Little quantitative abundance information exists for most of these historic populations. The Russian River supports the largest spawning population of Central California Coast Steelhead, but its population is believed to have declined seven-fold since the mid-1960s. (For more information see NW Regional Office)
Central California Coast Steelhead Listed as a threatened species on August 18, 1997; threatened status reaffirmed on January 5, 2006. The DPS includes all naturally spawned anadromous O. mykiss (steelhead) populations below natural and manmade impassable barriers in California streams from the Russian River (inclusive) to Aptos Creek (inclusive), and the drainages of San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun Bays eastward to Chipps Island at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. Tributary streams to Suisun Marsh including Suisun Creek, Green Valley Creek, and an unnamed tributary to Cordelia Slough (commonly referred to as Red Top Creek), excluding the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, as well as two artificial propagation programs: the Don Clausen Fish Hatchery, and Kingfisher Flat Hatchery/ Scott Creek (Monterey Bay Salmon and Trout Project) steelhead hatchery programs. (For more information see NW Regional Office)
Prior to 1850 it is estimated that annual Central Valley Steelhead runs were between 1 and 2 million; this number has been reduced to approximately 3,600. (For more information see NW Regional Office) South-Central Coast Steelhead populations have declined from annual runs totaling 25,000 spawning adults to less than 500. This domain represents the southern limit of steelhead in North America. The Southern California Coast Steelhead populations have declined from runs totaling 55,000 spawning adults to less than 500. (For more information see NW Regional Office)
Southern California Steelhead Listed as an endangered species on August 18, 1997; endangered status reaffirmed on January 5, 2006. The DPS includes all naturally spawned anadromous O. mykiss (steelhead) populations below natural and manmade impassable barriers in streams from the Santa Maria River, San Luis Obispo County, California, (inclusive) to the U.S.-Mexico Border. (For more information see NW Regional Office)
06/12/09 |
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